Isobutane (C₄H₁₀) demonstrates how a simple rearrangement of atoms can create distinct molecular properties, differing notably from its straight-chain isomer butane. Picture a central carbon atom serving as a branching point, bonded to three methyl groups (-CH₃) and one hydrogen, creating a more compact, three-dimensional structure that resembles a tiny molecular tripod. This branched arrangement gives isobutane slightly different physical properties from normal butane – for instance, it boils at a temperature about 11°C lower than its linear cousin, a difference that arises from how the molecules pack together in space.
At room temperature, isobutane exists as a colorless, odorless gas (though we add odorants for safety), and its higher energy density compared to straight-chain butane makes it particularly valuable as a refrigerant and aerosol propellant.
The molecule’s branched structure also gives it different combustion characteristics, making it especially useful in the petrochemical industry where it serves as a precursor for various industrial chemicals and as a component in high-octane gasoline blends, helping prevent engine knocking in high-performance engines.
2.0
99%
CP
SG IBCP-
< 1%
2.5
99.5%
ULC
SG IBULC-
<0.5%
SG IBINS-
3.0
99.9%
UHP
SG IBUGP-
< 1000
4.0
99.90%
RES
SG IBRES-
< 100
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