How to Store CO2

CO2 tanks and cylinders should be stored upright in a well-ventilated, cool, and dry area away from heat sources and direct sunlight. They must also be secured to prevent tipping and keep protective valve caps on when not in use.

In this guide, we’ll explore these best practices for storing CO2 tanks and cylinders in more detail. We’ll cover:

• Temperature requirements, positioning
• Safety considerations
• Maintenance procedures that ensure compliance and operational excellence

WestAir provides carbon dioxide to its customers across California and Arizona.

Understanding CO2 Storage Requirements

Carbon dioxide is stored in pressurized vessels as a liquid, transitioning to a gas when released. While liquid storage in pressurized cylinders is common for many applications, CO2 can also be stored in vapor phase for specific uses, each with their own storage requirements.

CO2 cylinders and tanks must be stored in well-ventilated areas away from heat sources. 

CO2 containers should be stored in cool areas, with temperatures not exceeding 125°F (51.7°C). For optimal storage conditions and gas quality, maintaining temperatures below 70°F (21.1°C) is recommended. Excessive heat can cause pressure buildup within tanks, potentially activating pressure relief devices.

Never store CO2 cylinders in enclosed spaces where leaks could create oxygen-deficient environments. CO2 is heavier than air and will collect in low-lying areas, creating an asphyxiation hazard if containment is compromised.

To avoid this, make sure cylinders are stored in well-ventilated areas.

Proper Positioning and Handling of CO2 Tanks

Always store CO2 cylinders and tanks in an upright, vertical position. This positioning ensures the pressure relief devices function properly in case of overpressurization.

To prevent tipping, secure all cylinders with any on the following:

• Chains
• Straps
• Cylinder stands 

Fallen cylinders represent both a physical hazard and risk of valve damage that could lead to uncontrolled gas release.

Keep protective valve caps in place whenever cylinders are not in use – they protect valves from damage during handling and transport.

Separate full and empty cylinders in your storage area. Clearly label each container’s status to prevent operational confusion and maintain inventory accuracy.

Safety Guidelines for CO2 Storage

Besides the general positioning guidelines, implement the following safety measures:

• Have a separate storage area – establish a designated storage area away from elevators, stairwells, and high-traffic corridors. The storage location should be dry, fire-resistant, and accessible only to authorized personnel.
• Use CO2 detection – install CO2 detection systems in storage areas to alert personnel to potential leaks. These monitors should be placed near floor level where CO2 accumulates and checked regularly to ensure proper function.
• Ensure adequate clearance – maintain a minimum clearance of 20 feet between CO2 storage and flammable materials, electrical equipment, and ignition sources. Carbon dioxide isn’t flammable, but pressurized containers can rupture when exposed to fire or intense heat.
• Be ready for emergencies – develop and regularly practice emergency response procedures for CO2 leaks. All personnel should be trained to recognize symptoms of CO2 exposure (headaches, dizziness, and confusion) and know evacuation routes.

Temperature Control and Environmental Factors

Shield CO2 cylinders from direct sunlight and extreme weather conditions. UV radiation and temperature fluctuations can accelerate cylinder deterioration over time.

Never allow CO2 storage temperatures to exceed 125°F (52°C), as this significantly increases internal pressure. In outdoor storage situations, consider constructing a shelter that provides shade while enabling ventilation.

For standard cylinders in non-cryogenic applications, protect pressure regulators and valve components from extreme cold that could compromise functionality. Note that specialized cryogenic CO2 storage systems are designed to operate at much lower temperatures.

Finally, maintain relative humidity below 90% in storage areas. High humidity contributes to external corrosion of metal cylinders and can damage labels and cylinder markings.

Further Reading: Is Carbon Dioxide a Greenhouse Gas?

Maintenance and Inspection Protocols

Implement a regular inspection schedule for all CO2 storage equipment. Check for:

• Signs of corrosion
• Damaged valves
• Compromised pressure relief devices
• Illegible markings or labels

Verify that all cylinders in storage have current hydrostatic test dates. Follow appropriate regulatory requirements for periodic testing. Many pressurized cylinders require hydrostatic testing at intervals specified by DOT or other regulatory bodies based on the cylinder type and application.

You should also remove from service any cylinders showing signs of damage or those with expired test dates. These should be marked clearly and isolated until they can be properly serviced or replaced.

Finally, document all related tasks, most notably:

• Inspections
• Maintenance activities
• Cylinder rotations

Comprehensive records demonstrate regulatory compliance and help identify patterns that might indicate storage-related issues.

Store CO2 Properly for Incident-Free Use

Proper CO2 storage requires attention to positioning, temperature control, ventilation, and regular maintenance.

By following the guidelines you saw here, you can maintain safety standards while ensuring gas quality and equipment longevity. Remember that well-managed storage not only protects personnel but also maximizes the value of your compressed gas investment.