Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide (CO₂) that sublimates directly from solid to gas at -78.5°C (-109.3°F) without leaving any liquid residue. It is commonly used for cooling, preservation, cleaning, and special effects applications across various industries.

Dry ice is produced by pressurizing liquid carbon dioxide and then rapidly expanding it in a controlled environment, causing it to cool and form solid CO₂ snow which is then compressed into pellets or blocks. The process requires high-purity liquid carbon dioxide as the raw material.

Dry ice provides extremely low temperatures for effective cooling and preservation, leaves no residue when it sublimates, and is non-toxic and food-safe. It also offers excellent portability for shipping temperature-sensitive materials without the mess of melting ice.

Dry ice is used to flash-freeze food products, maintain cold chain logistics during shipping, preserve perishable items during transport, and create controlled atmospheres for food storage. Its extremely cold temperature and clean sublimation make it ideal for maintaining food quality and safety.

Dry ice blasting uses solid CO₂ pellets propelled at high velocity to remove contaminants, coatings, and residues from surfaces without damaging the underlying material. The dry ice sublimates upon impact, leaving only the removed contaminant to be swept away, making it an environmentally friendly cleaning method.

Dry ice creates dramatic fog effects for theatrical productions, concerts, haunted houses, and film productions by sublimating into dense, low-lying fog. The fog is safe, non-toxic, and dissipates naturally without leaving residue – making it perfect for creating atmospheric effects.

Dry ice requires proper ventilation to prevent CO₂ buildup, insulated gloves or tongs for handling to prevent frostbite, and appropriate storage containers that allow gas expansion. Never store dry ice in airtight containers or confined spaces, and always handle it in well-ventilated areas.