How is Nitrogen Stored?

Nitrogen is stored in various specialized containers and systems, with cryogenic tanks being the main method for large-scale liquid storage and high-pressure cylinders for gas storage.

This guide covers the main nitrogen storage solutions to outline the options you can choose from. We’ll cover both the popular and lesser-known methods, after which you’ll learn about the key safety considerations to keep in mind.

Large-Scale Storage Solutions

Large-scale nitrogen storage mainly relies on cryogenic storage tanks, which are engineered to maintain extremely low temperatures for minimal product loss. These sophisticated tanks are made from high-grade stainless steel and feature advanced insulation systems that limit heat transfer.

The tanks are equipped with various safety features like pressure relief valves and monitoring systems that continuously track liquid levels and pressure. Most modern cryogenic tanks achieve outstanding performance metrics, with boil-off rates of under 0.05% per day.

Small-Scale Storage Options

For smaller amounts of liquid nitrogen, dewars are the go-to storage solution. These specialized containers come in various sizes (typically ranging from 1 to 400 liters), which makes them ideal for laboratories and medical facilities.

Dewars feature a distinctive design with a cylindrical body and tapered neck. This specific shape isn’t meant for aesthetics – it’s engineered to minimize heat intrusion and reduce evaporation rates.

The construction of dewars involves several layers of insulation. They typically combine vacuum insulation with materials like aluminum foil and glass paper to maintain a temperature of -196°C.

Gas Storage Methods

Gaseous nitrogen requires different storage methods than its liquid counterpart. For storing nitrogen gas, you’ll want to go with high-pressure cylinders.

These cylinders are manufactured from high-strength materials (typically carbon steel or aluminum) and are designed to withstand pressures up to several thousand PSI. They come in various sizes to accommodate different volume requirements.

High-pressure cylinders also feature specialized valves and regulators that control the flow of gas and ensure safe operation. Regular inspection and maintenance of these components is crucial for safe storage and handling.

Advanced Storage Technologies

If you’re looking for high-end nitrogen storing solutions, you can opt for specialized options like nitrogen vapor freezers. These systems store samples in nitrogen vapor rather than liquid, offering more precise temperature control between -20°C and -150°C.

Vapor phase storage offers many benefits over traditional liquid storage. Most importantly, it reduces the risk of cross-contamination and provides easier access to stored materials.

Nitrogen vapor freezers typically feature advanced monitoring capabilities and backup systems to ensure consistent temperatures. They’re particularly useful for research facilities and biobanks where precise temperature control is crucial.

Storage Safety Considerations

Proper safety protocols and measures are essential when storing nitrogen in any form. The most important ones include:

• Pressure relief mechanisms – all storage containers must be equipped with pressure relief mechanisms to prevent dangerous pressure buildup.
• Ongoing monitoring – regular monitoring of storage systems is crucial and includes checking pressure levels, inspecting for damage or wear, and ensuring proper ventilation in storage areas.
• Adequate training – personnel handling nitrogen storage systems must be properly trained in safety procedures and emergency protocols. This includes understanding the risks of oxygen displacement and the proper use of personal protective equipment.
• Effective ventilation – storage areas require adequate ventilation to prevent oxygen depletion in case of leaks. Oxygen monitors are often installed in areas where nitrogen is stored or used regularly.

By implementing these storage methods and safety considerations, facilities can maintain their nitrogen supplies efficiently and safely. Whether using large-scale tanks or small dewars, proper storage ensures the nitrogen remains stable and ready for use when needed.

Further Reading: Is Nitrogen Inert?